David and Goliath

by Bernard VanCuylenberg
My Dad had the knack of giving life to a good story, and whenever my brother, sister and I came home for the holidays from boarding school, he would regale us with these stories round the dinner table. On dark nights in a lonely estate bungalow we sat riveted to our seats "living" the adventures ! My Mum would terminate proceedings when it became too late and sleep was forgotten ! I first heard the Bracegirdle story when I was fourteen years old and I remember the way my Dad related it, Bracegirdle almost came to life ! Many years later "The Sunday Observer" in its special features section printed the story, which I read more than once. However this time, I accept full responsibility, and apologize for any errors. After 64 years, the memory tends to play tricks - and I am writing this drawing on my memory bank ! But the essence of the story is factual and occurred as stated.

Madulkelle tea country: pic from Wildcard Travels blog copyright Anne Schreiber Thomas

During the colonial period of the late 1930's, a tea plantation in the Madulkelle district Relugas Estate, was the place where what appeared to be a simple act of insubordination by an Assistant Superintendent, was to have far reaching consequences and wider ramifications not only for the company concerned, but for the colonial government of the time and a left leaning socialist political party called the "Lanka Sama Samaja Party", (The Lanka Socialist Party) popularly known as the LSSP. The "David" in this case was a young assistant superintendent named Mark Bracegirdle and the "Goliath" was the government of the day - at first glance an uneven match.

The Superintendent of this particular estate Mr.H.D.Thomas was badly in need of an assistant, and he petitioned the company accordingly. As was the modus operandum of the day, a young Englishman Mark Bracegirdle was recruited from overseas and after he arrived in Ceylon and spent two days at the Agency House, where the director of tea inducted him into what a planter's duties entailed. He was then sent to another estate for a stint of 'creeping'. When he had completed his creeping to the satisfaction of the superintendent of that estate and the company, he finally arrived to take up duties at Relugas estate in Madulkelle to the relief of the superintendent.

Remember his name well. It is a name that figured prominently not only in the tea industry of that period, but also in political, business and government circles. Mark Bracegirdle did not come from England, though he was English in origin. He came from Australia. His mother and he emigrated to Australia from England in 1925 and when he grew up he trained as a farmer. He also joined the Australian Young Communist League -- as history will show, his political leanings were to have a dramatic impact on his life in Ceylon. Settling in well, Bracegirdle went to work with vim, vigour and a hearty dose of enthusiasm. He got his hands dirty often as he did not believe in giving instructions and supervising. He was physically hyper-active and would prune,weed, move stones in new clearings, lop trees, and sometimes even pluck leaf, to the amusement of the women pluckers.  He was particularly sympathetic to complaints by the labourers, especially if such complaints were about their line rooms whenever repairs were needed. He was always accessible, and before long became the idol or pin-up boy of the entire labour force! He even visited the line rooms of the labour and shared their meals with them.

Mr.Thomas was aghast. This was something unheard of in the days when the English planters ruled their estates like some petty fiefdom and "never the twain would meet", with apologies to Mark Twain. Meanwhile, he kept an eagle eye on Bracegirdle's progress and concluded that although he was an exemplary worker and a cut above the rest as far as Assistant Superintendents were concerned, his attitude and behaviour to the established norms of the social structure were out of character. He had no idea of the mini revolution looming on the horizon which would rock this estate to its very roots!

One day on his field rounds, the Superintendent was amused to see Bracegirdle standing on a rock in a distant field. He appeared to be preaching a sermon, or giving a speech to a group of labourers. The men and women were gathered around, listening intently to every word. To him it looked like a politician making a speech to a group of voters. Intrigued, he approached the scene to ascertain what was happening, thinking that his able Assistant was instructing the labourers on certain tasks to be carried out. What he heard horrified him! He was shocked to hear Bracegirdle telling the labourers - in fluent Tamil - that they should submit a petition to the Company through the Superintendent drawing attention to their sub-standard living conditions.Their line rooms, he told them, were not fit for animals; and prisoners in jails had better living conditions. They were exploited to the maximum and deserved to live in dignity. The labourers had never heard anybody, let alone a white man who was their boss, speak to them about their sub standard living conditions and telling them they deserved better !

To them, this was a revelation and in their superstitious beliefs Bracegirdle appeared to be a sort of "Sami Dorai"...a 'Dorai' who was Godlike! It transpired that Bracegirdle's political leanings were of a shade dark red, and as already mentioned, in Australia he had been a member of the Communist Party. Marxist, Socialist, Leftist call it what you will...it was all in his genes. He was a hot-blooded activist whose bete noire was the working and living conditions of the poor and downtrodden on the plantations. This estate was to him a fertile breeding ground  which fanned his revolutionary fervour.

Agitated and alarmed, Mr.Thomas returned to his bungalow and compiled a detailed report of what he had seen and heard, for official purposes. He then summoned Bracegirdle to his office and behind closed doors let him have both volleys verbally, drawing reference to the conditions of his employment . Holding nothing back he said he took a very dim view of this type of behaviour, and warned him that any repetition would mean instant dismissal. But despite all the tough talk he had the sinking feeling that the problem he now encountered would snowball into unimaginable proportions.....And he was correct. His words had exactly the opposite effect on the young firebrand. Although he continued working, his political ardour was inflamed further and in order of priority, his devotion to duty was superseded by his political convictions. 

Subsequently, he was caught again "preaching" to the labour force, and this time merited instant dismissal. Mr.Thomas meanwhile forwarded a comprehensive report to the company citing the reasons for the dismissal of Bracegirdle. The director who read the report realized that he was holding a political hot potato in his hands. In the context of the times, any "revolutionary" talk against the establishment and ruling class specially by a 'White' worker was sacrilegious ! He took the matter up with the chairman of the company who in turn notified the authorities and they in their wisdom decided that Bracegirdle should be deported. By now the subject was the talking point in political and business circles, and the press had a field day.

Meanwhile, Bracegirdle had left the estate and joined the " Lanka Sama Samaja Party " (The Ceylon Socialist Party) in December 1936. Until the deportation order was finalised, the police could not touch him since he had committed no crime.The hierarchy of the Party welcomed him with open arms. This White man was a comrade after their own hearts. On one occasion he was introduced to a large crowd by a young Doctor N.M.Perera and Bracegirdle whipped the crowd to a frenzy, thrilling them with his oratory skills. The key figures in the LSSP at the time were Doctor Colvin R.De Silva, Leslie Goonewardena, Philip Gunawardena and if memory serves me correctly Edmund Samarakoddy, to mention a few. Later on in life some of these politicians became leading luminaries in Sri Lanka's politics and held ministerial positions in various governments. As time passed, Bracegirdle became a drawcard whenever the LSSP held a meeting - in the language of the present era, he enjoyed rock star status ! He was the main attraction while the other speakers were the 'supporting act'!!

His speeches were noted by the undercover police and the authorities, as the British planters, were furious that their prestige was being torn to shreds by a fellow white man. He took to the stage with all guns blazing and worked the large crowds to a fever pitch,lambasting the government, colonial rule, and highlighted numerous instances where capitalism was exploiting the working class. Although originally he intended training to be a tea planter which is why he went to Ceylon, colonialism was not his cup of tea !!! The press in the meantime had a field day and turned Bracegirdle into a "Robin Hood" type of hero ! But his life in the spotlight soon came to an end. 

The Governor Sir Richard Stubbs served a deportation order on him for the 22nd April 1937, and with this order came a deadline. He had to leave the country in 48 hours ! But the LSSP had other ideas. Like some scene from a spy thriller, they snatched Bracegirdle before the long arm of the law could reach him  and through a network of safe houses ensured that he was always one step ahead of the police. The best detectives and undercover operators were used to track him down, but he remained elusive and evasive !!  

However, all things in life are fleeting and his dream run came to an end. During a visit to the home of the secretary of the LSSP in Hulftsdorf which was closely watched by plain clothes police officers, he was arrested and ended up in court. Who said that miracles don't happen ? The three supreme court judges who heard the case made a ruling that he could not be deported for exercising his right to free speech ! Bracegirdle was a free man!!

This story did not end with our hero riding into the sunset on a winning streak. Instead he sailed away quietly to England one day in 1937, and was given a fond farewell by stalwarts of the LSSP Dr.N.M.Perera, Mrs.Selina Perera and Vernon Gunasekera, the secretary of the party. In England he led a busy life teaching, dabbled in archaeology, and was actively involved with the British Museum. Although he was no longer in Ceylon, his aura and mystique impacted the working class and his name was a shining light in socialist and Marxist circles. They honoured him as an activist who had the courage of his convictions, dared to challenge the colonial establishment   --  and almost won ! He died on the 22nd June 1999.

The planters, politicians, and all parties connected with the Bracegirdle story have long vanished into the mists of history. But in the copies of The Ceylon Daily News and other newspapers of the time which printed the story of the young rebel,his escapades which earned him heroic status among the working class still live on in their pages.

Editor's Note:
Creeper - a 'creeper' is a trainee; 'creeping' is training
Dorai - Tamil word for 'Sahib' / boss

Meet the writer: Bernard VanCuylenberg

My late Dad was a tea planter...hence memories of the tea plantations are precious to me. My memories of childhood, growing up in the salubrious climate of the tea country are very dear to me, because my brother, sister and I had parents who were angels.

Prior to migrating to Australia my working background was in the field of tourism and hospitality.

In Australia I worked for seventeen years as an Administrative Officer in the Victoria Police Department, and retired in 1999. I played lead and rhythm guitarin two bands ( in Sri Lanka, and in Australia). I loved the sitar and always hoped I could learn it one day. Ravi Shankar was my idol.

Is this your first visit here? Welcome to Indian Chai Stories! 

If you've ever visited a tea garden or lived in one, or if you have a good friend who did, you would have heard some absolutely improbable stories! You will meet many storytellers here at Indian Chai Stories, and they are almost all from the world of tea gardens: planters, memsaabs, baby and baba log. Each of our contributors has a really good story to tell - don't lose any time before you start reading them!

Do you have a chai story of your own to share? Send it to me here, please : indianchaistories@gmail.com. My name is Gowri Mohanakrishnan and I'm a tea planter's wife. I started this blog because one of the things that I wouldn't want us to lose in a fast changing world is the tea story - a story always told with great seriousness, no matter how funny - always true (always), maybe a tall tale, long, or short, impossible, scary, funny or exciting but never dull. 

You will find yourself transported to another world! Happy reading! Cheers to the spirit of Indian Tea! 

ADD THIS LINK TO YOUR FAVOURITES : https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/Indian Chai Stories

Meet our Writers: Venk Shenoi

Another Land, Another Age - My Memories of Tea

 byVenk Shenoi

 

Nagrakata and Grassmore seem another land, another age. Memories linger and imagination fills the rest. I had spent the evening at Trincas on Park Street celebrating my new posting in tea with friends and walked to the Grand Hotel on Chowringhee to await the bus taking me to Dum Dum for the 4.00A.M Jamair flight to the Dooars.

The flight was on time. The vintage twin engine DC3 Dakota had seen better days and the forward space was filled with supplies and baggage strapped down in nets on their way to planters of the Dooars. The flight lasted just over two hours and the Pilot was friendly, even inviting me to the flight deck. The morning was just breaking over the Himalayas as the plane approached the Dooars with Kanchenjungha straight ahead and miles and miles of green forest and tea terraces below. We were soon landing on the grass strip of Grassmore T.E. A lorry picked me up for the journey to Nagrakata. I was tired and half asleep by the time I reached the Chota Bungla of Nagrakata T.E.

'The Mela ladies used to call me Chichinga-Sahb, yes, I was lean and lanky like a stork and wore glasses but it was fun' - at Grassmore Chhota Bungalow

My first job on starting in September 1962 was to familiarise myself with over a thousand men and women, no mean task, but made easy as the workers were grouped under their hereditary Sirdars that had led them East to the forest lands being cleared and tea planted in the 19th century. There were stories of the Sahbs randomly burying gold Mohurs in the ground prompting the labourers to dig the whole land in case they missed any. Tribal organisation and family groups must have been a boon to early planters both in recruiting and also controlling large numbers of workers brought to the malaria infested jungle. The Bengali Baboos were hard pressed to act as intermediaries between the lone Angrez Sahib and the tribal workers and local officials. Life must have been tough but these early pioneers took it on and succeeded.   

Over time I managed to link hundreds of names with their faces and to remember which Mangri belonged to which Sirdar. Pay-days helped as names were called out and they came to collect their wages. The only way to learn was to be there when workers were in the Melas and listen to their stories. They liked some Sahibs and did not like others. Those that were sympathetic to their interests were in turn listened to which helped the work to no end. The days were hot and it often rained, you learnt how best to get the most from the men and women who had lived on the Estate for generations and knew the place better than the Sahibs who came and disappeared now and then.

The Mela ladies used to call me Chichinga-Sahb, yes, I was lean and lanky like a stork and wore glasses but it was fun and I got on quite well with most. They were a friendly lot and had their own sense of humour. One had to admire young mums strapping their babies on their backs and getting on with the day’s work in the heat whether sickling or plucking in the summer and rainy season or pruning in the autumn. A compliment, smile and joke never went amiss. The occasional hot tea under shade was a welcome break for the workers from the harsh sun.

The Burra Sahb intervened if there was trouble but such occasions were few. Stories of disobedient workers being locked up in chuna-gudams or being whipped for insolence belonged to the previous century. 

The Manager at Nagrakata Mike Crawley was a dour soul, a bachelor who kept himself to himself in his Burra-Bungla and did not speak much or socialise in the Club. The only visitor he had was Col Tibbetts from neighbouring Nya Sailee who was tall and military in his bearing and always accompanied by two huge dogs. Expat managers and Assistants had six months home leave every three years but some returned early either because they missed their tea life or found themselves out of place in the fast changing world outside. It must have been hard for many retiring after decades in Tea living a privileged life surrounded by servants thrust out in the cold.

This was the metre gauge line connecting Assam through Dooars at the time. An oil pipeline was also constructed close to the line that ran along Grassmore in the early 1960s.

The rail tracks - All photographs from the author's collection

The manager at Grassmore, Grafton Tully, was an old timer, having joined the firm in the 1930s. He was described in earlier times as “a typical old time planter — a lover of outdoor life, a strict disciplinarian and stickler for time. In the 1950s and 60s he became a loner but had his moments. He suffered from a bad back and had time off when his lone Assistant had to carry on. He had learned tea the hard way having come to India where his brother worked for Gillanders Arbuthnot. 

Mark Tully (born 1935 in Calcutta and nephew of Grafton Tully) the BBC’s Correspondent in India for many years called him a “jabardust planter”. He was also an excellent sportsman and tennis was his forte. He remained a bachelor. British society was as hierarchical as that of the caste-ridden Indians. Mark Tully describes the hierarchies that prevailed in one of his articles: “European society in the Calcutta of those days was divided by a strict class system, not dissimilar to the (Indian) caste system. Members of the ICS, the Indian Civil Service, were considered the Brahmins (the elite caste), while the members of the Indian army were regarded as the Rajputs (the warrior caste). As a businessman, my father was a Vaisya (trading caste), dismissed by the snooty ICS and army as a mere "boxwallah".” 

Tea managers living in the wilderness of Assam or Dooars surrounded by natives were still lower down the rung. Burra Saabs however were kings of their gardens and had power of attorney. Their Mems ruled Club life and the young Assistant had to be extra nice to be noticed. You met on Club nights, for Black and Red Label whiskies or Indian beer which was good and the occasional film, or theatrical play put on by the Nagrakata Players. Saturday afternoons were for Tennis. You slept the Sundays off after the busy week and late Saturday at the Club for an early start on Monday.

You were expected to be sociable and cheerful whilst being mindful of the prevailing hierarchy. It was also a time to let go, noise levels increased as the night advanced and more pegs were downed. 

Talking about the tough jobs one tackled in the Melas: hacking a slithering snake in the bush with your sickle or facing off a threatening leopard cornered by the advancing front of women plucking leaf filled time. Weekdays during the busy summer you got up at 4.00 a.m. to dash out to the workers already busy sickling or cleaning up the Melas before returning at 7.00 for breakfast. 

You did not know what you would encounter on surprise visits to the factory at 2.00 a.m. when the Chowkidar woke you up with a cup of tea. Going down the estate path from the Nagrakata Chota Bangla on a pedal bike presented a thrill a minute. The ride of over a mile in total darkness with a dim torch in one hand was thrilling no doubt particularly when a startled group of leopards or the slithering body of a long snake loomed in front. The natural reaction when faced with danger was to pedal even faster hoping you were able to brake at the bottom where there was a bridge and sight of the labour lines and factory buildings across the Jhora. Rainy nights posed special problems with the track now slippery. Occasionally there were signs of elephant movement and dung heaps and also animal and bird sound but one just kept pedalling in the dark towards the bridge.

Grassmore, where I was posted next, had a bad reputation within the Dooars Tea Co – difficult workers and a previous manager reported to have flogged factory plant and machinery before departing on retirement.

Grafton Tully took me up occasionally in his Auster single engined plane for a round over neighbouring Bhutan and Jalpaiguri district. I often wondered whether the plane was air worthy particularly as we faced the high mountains ahead and climbed sharply to avoid collision. It must have cost him a bomb to maintain and fuel the infrequent flights although parking was free in its shed at the air strip. I enjoyed the joy rides though. 

There were a lot of vacancies in the Melas; infilling and looking after growing bushes was interesting. New clones were being introduced from Tocklai and there was a nursery next to the Chota Bangla. It was fascinating to watch plants grow from seed and clonal cuttings. Later on I visited a research station in Kerala which was trying out vegetative propagation of tea plants through cell culture. How things have changed.

Grassmore being on the forest edge and close to several water courses was regular haunt of wild animals on their foraging rounds. Leopards frequently mauled cattle out grazing particularly at night and left half-eaten carcasses. Goats and small animals were also taken on occasion from the Lines. A previous Assistant on hearing about a tiger loose in the Mela went to his bungalow to fetch his gun and was looking for the beast when he was attacked from the rear. Luckily he lived to tell the tale but was hospitalised and spent months recovering. 

Apart from the occasional leopard or tiger getting its cow or goat from the lines a chap came running one day to report a large snake eating his goat. Rushing to the Lines near the Jhora I was struck by the length and girth of the python with half a nanny goat stuck in its mouth. The poor beast was paralysed and had no chance of escape with the heavy goat half way in and crowds of the locals wondering how best to deal with the situation. There was no immediate threat and solutions were near at hand. Both the python and its prey were dispatched speedily and feasted upon by the Line-dwellers. 

Plant and machinery at some of the Dooars Tea Co Estates fell into the category of Victorian antiquity. One device called the Hydram was installed in a jhora and shot up plugs of water up to a tank as the water flowed through and the valve shut periodically. The resulting thumping boom could be heard for miles around particularly at night. 

Grassmore had shell boilers and steam engines not unlike those on railway locomotives to drive the factory belt train which was unique as the rest of the factories around had Crossley two stroke horizontal diesel engines some from the early part of the century. Much of the other factory machinery such as leaf cutters, rollers, driers, etc., went back to the late 19th century. The engines and machinery despite their age appeared to run well but required regular maintenance. 

The old engines and machinery had cast iron components which required care in stripping and cleaning. I was horrified when an inlet manifold on the Crossley engine of early 20th century vintage cracked whilst being pulled out from the main body for service. Getting a spare part from the UK was out of question. 

The Crossley Engineer (Late Earnie Lees) was summoned and the broken parts removed with care and sent off to a foundry in Calcutta. Thanks to the Indian 'Jugad' or make-do mind-set the foundry managed to join the broken pieces of the casting back and the inlet manifold was bolted back successfully and the engine recommissioned. 

Tea workers become ingenious if given a chance and more often than not their efforts succeed. Diesel engines were started using compressed air in bottles pumped up when an engine was started to be used for starting again when needed. A pump set used to pump water from a jhora did not start at first try and the air bottle became empty. Nagrakata faced water shortage. The pump man came running for help. 

 Luckily a long rope was requisitioned and lo and behold the Store Baboo had just the right length. Thirty workers were sent for from where they were pruning and within an hour all assembled near the diesel engine. The engines all had large flywheels and also belt pulleys to drive pumps or other machinery, so it was a question of winding the rope on the belt pulley and thirty odd workers doing a fast rope-pull down into the Jhora which in the event started the engine, relief all round. It remained to fill the air bottles before slipping the belt over the pump pulley and get water flowing again. 

Nya Sylee Bungalow pix from https://lbb.in/kolkata/nya-sylee-tea-estate-for-travel/

On a return visit in 2003 when Mr Chaturvedi the then manager of Nya Sylee kindly put me up in his bungalow and took me around the estates and also the Club I noted many things have changed. Tea factories were all electrified and all the old diesels and boilers together with the long trains of belt drives had disappeared, all machinery now were fitted with electric motors. Overhead conveyors were being used to transport leaf to the factory loft for wilting and also around the factory through the different operations. Tea processing also appears to have changed with CTC machines replacing the old cutting and rolling machines. Vestiges remain, though, of the old times; many old factory buildings and bungalows remain and one has to look carefully to see the changes. 

I am sure tea estates continue to present challenges to the new generation of managers and workers. It was a hell of a life in 1962: I would have been poorer without those experiences and my memories of those days.

October 14 2018

Editor's Note:
Angrez - British
sirdar - overseer/ supervisor in charge of a fixed number of workers
Mangri - workers named their children for the day of  the week they were born.'Mangri', or Tuesday,  was a common name for a girl. A Tuesday born boy would be 'Mangra'.

Mela - tea plucking row. This is called 'Mela' in the Dooars and 'Padhi' in Assam.
Chichinga - the Hindi word for snake gourd
chuna gudam - store room
jabardust - hardcore
jhora - stream, rivulet

Additional notes by Venk:
Angrez – strictly speaking ‘English’ (British) and all Europeans were termed Angrez by the locals who would not know the difference 

Sirdar – Hereditary Head of tribal family groups brought to work in the Estates, numbers varied – there were some Sirdars that had 40, 50 or more workers they were responsible for and some just a few. The Garden Babus were the main supervisors relating to ongoing work and the Sirdars usually involved in directing orders for workers; Sirdars were also involved in a range of communal matters - order in the residential lines, allocation of Kheti, firewood, etc, apart from disciplinary matters at work. (overseer/ supervisor in charge of a fixed number of workers).

Chuna gudam – (Lime) store room

 The writer, Venk Shenoi, seen here with Anna Shenoi and some friends at the 2016 Planters' Meet in Eastbourne. Venk writes that he was in the Dooars from 1962 - 65.

Is this your first visit here? Welcome to Indian Chai Stories! 
Do you have a chai story of your own to share? Send it to me here, please : indianchaistories@gmail.com. 

 

My name is Gowri Mohanakrishnan and I'm a tea planter's wife. I started this blog because one of the things that I wouldn't want us to lose in a fast changing world is the tea story - a story always told with great seriousness, no matter how funny - always true (always), maybe a tall tale, maybe long, short, impossible, scary, funny or exciting but never dull. You will find yourself transported to another world! 
 
Happy reading! Cheers to the spirit of Indian Tea!
ADD THIS LINK TO YOUR FAVOURITES : 

https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/

 

Cheers to the Spirit of Indian Tea!

The First Story

We are delighted to bring you the first of Danny Pariat's stories of his life in tea. The stories that appear here on Indian Chai Stories are taken from the Koi-Hai website (please click on the name to go to the page) with the author's permission. 
Koi-Hai  'has been created as a free service for those, irrespective of nationality, who lived and worked in North East India in the Tea Industry, Ferry Service, Oil Industry, ITA Administration, ITA Research at Tocklai, etc'  - Editor

by Danny Pariat 
Hamish  Pirie, my first manager, was from Aberdeen, Scotland -- a very fine person who worked you hard but was always fair. He lived up to the Scottish reputation of having a fiery temper and many a time our head clerk was the butt of his anger (deservedly so, of course)!

The head clerk was always cool and calm in the face of blatant mistakes and one day, unable to take it anymore, Hamish said, ''Head Clerk, this office should be burnt''.

''Good idea Sir'' replied the Head Clerk.
Hamish then continued, ''and preferably with you in the middle of it'' !!

"Aah, very very good idea, Sir", nonchalantly replied the tried and tested Head Clerk.

Hamish Pirie was very fond of golf but was never a great golfer as such. Once, during a Doom Dooma club meet we were all at the bar telling stories and then singing away - and before we knew it, dawn was breaking and the sun was coming through. Hamish was playing golf and the tee off was very early, in fact he went straight from the bar to the tee -- we were feeling sorry for him knowing that his golf would be terrible but lo and behold, he played his best golf and won the tournament !!!! Hamish thought he had found the secret to success in golf and from that day on, made sure he always had a very late night before a golf match !!! 

I remember the first story that Hamish told me soon after I had joined. This was regarding a planter at Bargang whose wife was expecting, and it  being close to the time, she was being transported to Tezpur by car. Alas, while crossing the Bhorelli river by ferry ( no bridges then and the crossing takes quite a while) the Mrs. could not wait anymore and, with the help of the medical staff in attendance, she delivered a healthy baby boy! As he was born 'on' the river, the boy's middle name was given as Bhorelli -- Peter Bhorelli McQueen.

Coming back to my manager, his wife, who was expecting, was heading off to Calcutta for the delivery -- she was going by plane and her husband warned her that no matter what happened she was not to deliver on the aircraft -- she should hold on till they got to Calcutta.

Puzzled, she asked him why --- remember the McQueens of Bargang, he said, we don't want our child named after the plane you are flying in.

Name of the aircraft?? any guesses??  The Fokker Friendship !!!!

Hamish Pirie passed away many years ago and I write this as my way of saying Salaam to him -- he was a good human being and I learnt a lot from him. His wife lives in Aberdeen with her daughter  (oh, yes her mum waited till they got to Calcutta).

 Next, a story told to Danny Pariat by the late Peter Swer:
Hippies at Itakhooli!

Peter Swer  was a very fine gentleman with many a story to tell and this is one of his many stories told to me when he was manager Itakhooli in the Tingri district.

One hot summer day Peter was surprised by a foreigner hippie couple when they landed up at Itakhooli with no prior notice. Apparently they had met one of Peter's friends in Delhi and when he heard that they were going to Assam to have a look at the tea gardens he had advised them that they should visit his good friend Peter at Itakhooli.

Peter being Peter welcomed them and told them to make themselves at home( the family was away and he was alone). The next morning, after breakfast, Peter went off on his kamjari after telling the hippie couple to feel free to use the swimming pool.

After his rounds of the garden Peter made his way to the office for some paper work and as he settled in his seat he got a bit worried when he looked out of the window and saw his head bearer running helter-skelter towards the manager's office. He got up and met the highly ruffled bearer at the verandah to find out what the kerfuffle was about. The bearer, out of breath, was urging his burra saab to quickly make his way to the bungalow though he would not say what the bother was all about, and highly puzzled, Peter thought he had better go and have a 'dekho'.

As he approached the bungalow, his anxiety increased when he saw that the plucking had stopped and that most of the pluckers were milling around one side of the bungalow, desperately trying to have a peek through the hedge!

As he got closer the mystery was resolved. What had happened was that, it being a hot day,the hippie couple,seeing the beautiful sparkling water in the swimming pool, had decided to swim in the nude and from time to time they came out of the pool to lie by its side, not knowing that they were causing chaos with the plucking challans plucking just around the bungalow. Peter,with his diplomatic tact, managed to get the couple inside and was very relieved when they departed the next day.

Meet the writer:

DANNY PARIAT

Born and brought up in Shillong, I graduated in Bsc in 1971 and soon after, i.e. Feb 1972, had joined at Koomsong T.E. in Doom Dooma.  I married my girl from Shillong and we have two lovely daughters - Deanna is a doctor in the U.K. and Janice, author/writer, art critic, poet is teaching at a university near Delhi.
My work places varied between the south and north bank - started at Koomsong, then four years later went across to Pertabghur near Bishnauth Charali, back to Moabund near Jorhat from where my actings started then back for my first billet at Harchurah. Thereafter worked at Seajuli,Rupajuli, Margherita and Pertabghur. I finally called it a day in December 2004 and made it back home just before Christmas.


Is this your first visit here? Welcome to Indian Chai Stories! 
If you've ever visited a tea garden or lived in one, or if you have a good friend who did, you would have heard some absolutely improbable stories! You will meet many storytellers here at Indian Chai Stories, and they are almost all from the world of tea gardens: planters, memsaabs, baby and baba log. Each of our contributors has a really good story to tell - don't lose any time before you start reading them!

Do you have a chai story of your own to share? Send it to me here, please : indianchaistories@gmail.com. My name is Gowri Mohanakrishnan and I'm a tea planter's wife. I started this blog because one of the things that I wouldn't want us to lose in a fast changing world is the tea story - a story always told with great seriousness, no matter how funny - always true (always), maybe a tall tale, long, or short, impossible, scary, funny or exciting but never dull. The blog is updated every two to three days. You will find yourself transported to another world! Happy reading! Cheers to the spirit of Indian Tea! 
ADD THIS LINK TO YOUR FAVOURITES : https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/Indian Chai Stories

Back in the Day – VIII

by Shipra Castledine
Author's Foreword: 'The days gone by... to me had a better quality of life.There was so much strength of character in our previous generations. And a simpler, more meaningful lifestyle. Anyway, we live with what we have and make the best of it :)...As long as saying something like that does not offend young people if they are reading the blog!'

Whilst my family was in tea India and China fought a short war. This was for a month between October and November 1962. The Dooars and all neighbouring areas are close to the Tibet-China border and are heavily populated with the defence forces of army and air force. This war naturally directly impacted the tea plantations. I remember that we were in boarding school in Loreto Convent, Darjeeling, and one of the days after the war broke out all of us children who were from the Dooars tea estates were pulled out of school and evacuated to Kolkata.

I was little, only seven years old at the time. Only mothers and children were evacuated and the men held the fort. We were taken to Bagdogra Airport which is an airforce airport in the Jalpaiguri* District of North Bengal also used by commercial airlines. There was this monstrous defence cargo plane sitting on the runway. We were directed into it to find that it was a double decker accommodation inside. It quickly filled up with all the evacuees. The seats were like single hammocks slung along the sides of the plane. It was all an adventure as we children did not understand the seriousness of why we were doing this. The plane flew to Dumdum Airport in Kolkata in a fairly slow, noisy flight. You could hear the drone of the engine and the propellers.

When we arrived at Dumdum we were taken to the jute plantations on the outskirts of Kolkata. The accommodation there was very comfortable and it was all very similar to the tea estates. I think we stayed there for the month that the war was on and then went back to our homes in tea as our school was closed for the three month long winter holidays.

The transport plane we travelled in in 1962 was very much like this one

We heard stories from our fathers about their experiences of the war as the fighting was very close.
My Dad related this incident of either himself or of someone we know ( I can’t remember who it was) who had driven to Siliguri about an hour and a half away from some of the Dooars tea estates and whoever it was had to drive further towards Bagdogra. After finishing up with whatever he had to do, he was driving back to go home to the gardens and his location was still in Bagdogra town. A Chinese fighter jet screamed over Bagdogra Airport and bombed the Indian air force fighter jets on the runway. Thankfully there were no deaths from that bombing, but it was drama and excitement for everyone around! That was a story that we remembered! Right through the month of the war all the Dooars and Terai tea areas watched air skirmishes between the Chinese air force and the Indian. But this time it was a bit closer for comfort than just watching them in the sky.

What Dad did tell me of firsthand experiences was him doing his normal rounds and living his normal life and hearing the fighter jets in the sky and he would look up to see either the Chinese chasing the Indian jets or vice versa!

Bagdogra Airport in later years - the building was much smaller and basic in 1962

There was the Indo-Pakistan war in 1965 that affected us again. Though the Pakistan border was not as close as the Chinese border, we felt the tensions in defence with our areas having such a strong presence of the army and air force. Generals and Colonels in the army were good friends with the tea planters as were senior air force officers and they would discuss as much as they were permitted to with their tea planter friends. This brought the machinations of war into our drawing rooms. And it also brought in the politics of both countries’ governments.

Radios would be on a lot to listen to the latest news. There was no TV for many years yet. I remember the sometimes volatile discussions held between my parents and came to appreciate much later on in life what good friends they were and how that quality impacts a relationship. Their marriage was built on a good friendship that had started when they worked together in All India Radio.

Mum was lucky in how she was able to settle down and enjoy tea life almost from the get go. It is a lifestyle so different from any other in India. Her father had been a senior tax officer for the British government and he was provided a house and had to maintain a lifestyle that kept him hobnobbing with the top echelons of the Brits and Indians. My grandmother was well educated, she was one of the first Indian girls to study in Loreto Convent, Darjeeling. Her English and also the English spoken by my Dad’s father was the Queen’s English. They had perfect diction and sounded very polished. I never heard a swear word growing up!! My parents too spoke that aristocratic English!

Well, my grandmother had two kitchens in her days as the tax officer’s wife. There was the lunch time Indian kitchen where she would be in her sari worn ‘desi’ style, sitting on the floor and cutting vegetables on a ‘bonti’ and helping cook mostly a Bengali lunch. She was a renowned cook in her day.

In the evening she would have changed into a stylish sari, wrapped in the modern style, her hair done up, crimped on both sides of the hair part and a neat bun at the back. Two jewelled hair slides would be in her hair neatly holding the crimps in place. I have one of those jewels on a locket today. It is a delicately made gold swallow embedded with rubies and pearls. This second kitchen would have ‘mugh’ cooks who were renowned for their cooking and they would be cooking up the most delicious bakes and roasts and puddings and cakes and all things European. The dinner table would be laid formally and it was the setting was the stuff of stories. And when my Didima entertained sometimes it would be garden parties with several small tables set in their garden and all of high society fluttering about and enjoying her excellent hostessing.

So to come down to why I digressed. This lifestyle in my mother’s younger days lent itself to merging into tea life as it was in those days, quite easily.

Bengali Bonti

A bonti is a long curved blade that cuts on a platform held down by foot. Both hands are used to hold whatever is being cut and move it against the blade. The sharper side faces the user. The method gives excellent control over the cutting process and can be used to cut anything from tiny shrimp to large pumpkins. The bonti’s uniqueness comes from the posture required to use it: one must either squat on one’s haunches or sit on the floor with one knee raised while the corresponding foot presses down on the base. As in other “floor-oriented” cultures, such as Japan, the people of Bengal were accustomed to squatting or sitting on the floor for indefinite periods of time.

This is very much what my Didima would have looked like in her evening formal sari-wear. The addition would have been the two jewelled hair slides in the crimps in the hair.

Like our forest department friends who gave us the opportunity to visit and enjoy every forest bungalow in the extended area of where we lived our army and air force friends likewise took us to restricted areas that only the defence personnel were permitted to enter. One of these border areas was at the India China border - the Nathu La pass, 16000ft above sea level. I am pretty sure I was not taken on the trip when my parents and Mr and Mrs Palit went to Nathu La. Kakoli, their daughter, was not taken either.

I can remember photographs of all of them looking quite cold and standing right on the border. My mum was wearing one of my Dad’s warm trousers and Mrs Palit was wearing one of Mr Palit’s trousers!! It was so cold up there! The army would be hovering constantly as they kept a vigilant eye on civilians coping with the altitude. The minute anyone showed symptoms of altitude sickness, they would feed the person pistachios and raisins and very sweet hot tea and if the person did not feel better they would immediately transport them down to a safe altitude which was Gangtok, the capital town of Sikkim.

Much later when I returned to live in Siliguri as a married lady with children we all made a trip up to Nathu La. I suffered some bits of altitude sickness but I did not need to be transported back down to Gangtok. All those who were feeling fine drove up to the border and watched the Chinese soldiers going about their business guarding their post. In fact they watched a mail exchange between the Chinese and Indian soldiers whilst they were there. The most beautiful sight we experienced up there was the Changu** Lake/. The Crown Prince of Sikkim and his wife had drowned in this lake. They were driving across it when it was frozen, but the ice broke and they crashed through. We saw the lake completely frozen over, and yet a month before that, my then husband the late KK Roy had made a trip up and we had photos of the lake, the deepest blue in colour in the midst of snow covered mountains. I will have to keep these photos pending as I cannot access them easily.

Changu Lake

Some of my father’s closest friends in his tea days were army officers. I particularly remember Col Nathu Singh who was posted to Mal Bazaar for some years and then he moved to the cantonment at Sevoke outside Siliguri. When he was at Mal we saw him very frequently as he would come over to our bungalow for meals or visit Dad whilst he was on his rounds. He and his officers would join us on club days at the Western Dooars Club and if I remember correctly there was a separate bar for defence personnel.

In turn we were invited to their army club. It was a wonderful association. This association allowed civilians to get membership later in the city army clubs. Like Dad got his membership at Fort William army club in Calcutta when he moved there. I also remember General Prem Singh though not as clearly as Col Nathu Singh. General Prem Singh was the one who brought in his division to patrol through the tea estate when Dad was having labour trouble. So ends this chapter with some of the many facets of tea life. To be continued...

* Bagdogra is (and has been for some years ) now in Darjeeling District
** Changu Lake is also called Tshongo or Tsomgo Lake
Photographs sourced by the author from the internet 

 

MEET THE WRITER:

'My name is Shipra Castledine nee Shipra Bose (Bunty). My parents were Sudhin and Gouri Bose. I am a tea 'baba' of the 1950-s era. I spent a part of my life growing up in the Dooars and another large part of my life married to a tea planter's son the Late KK Roy son of PK and Geeta Roy of Rungamuttee TE in the Dooars. I continued to be in the tea industry for many years as KK was a tea broker till he passed away in 1998.'

Read all Shipra's stories here:   https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/search/label/Shipra%20Castledine 

Is this your first visit here? Welcome to Indian Chai Stories! 
Do you have a chai story of your own to share? Send it to me here, please : indianchaistories@gmail.com. My name is Gowri Mohanakrishnan and I'm a tea planter's wife. I started this blog because one of the things that I wouldn't want us to lose in a fast changing world is the tea story - a story always told with great seriousness, no matter how funny - always true (always), maybe a tall tale, long, or short, impossible, scary, funny or exciting but never dull. You will find yourself transported to another world! 
 
Happy reading! Cheers to the spirit of Indian Tea!
ADD THIS LINK TO YOUR FAVOURITES : https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/Indian Chai Stories
 

Full Moon at the Honeymoon Bungalow

by Aloke Mookerjee

Foreword: Before my transfer to Assam, I was in Ghatia T.E. (in the Nagrakata area of the Dooars) for five years, a long time for an assistant manager. In those years, I lived both in the Upper as well as the Lower Bungalow near the factory. I loved my time in Ghatia with its wonderful labour force and supervisors. The Burra Babu was extraordinary as were Mangra Driver, Tetra Munshi, Sethe Sirdar, Pulin Mistry (the only 'Mugh' I know of who deviated from his community's inborn gift in culinary arts to become a Mechanic!) and Roga Mistry who could strip and overhaul our Prime Movers as well as Ernie Lees the Crossley Engineer! Bill Hudson who was the Manager there (later to become the company VA) was revered by all the workers as their Mai, Baap and Bhagwan all rolled in one male white human form! I have already written of some of my expreriences there already. Wow, how I loved my time in tea!
 

The newly built Assistant Manager’s bungalow in the ‘Upper Division’ in Ghatia Tea Estate was popularly known as the ‘Honeymoon Bungalow’. Tucked away in an isolated spot at the edge of a promontory at the estate’s north-west, this bungalow, unlike its older counterparts, was compact and modern in design. Its spacious lawn in the front and sides and a ‘mali-bari’ behind created a sense of space despite its being hemmed in from three sides by acres of a thick bamboo grove and tall thatch grass. 

The fourth side, on the west of the bungalow, remained open - presenting a vast panorama of a deep and wide valley dipping down some two hundred feet with the stony ‘Ghatia Nadi’ flowing through its middle. Swathes of rice paddy on either side of the river lent an air of quaint country charm that contrasted with the turbulence (especially in the monsoons) of the stony river roaring down from the Himalayas. The river formed the boundary between Ghatia and Bhogotpore tea estates. With no evidence of tea anywhere nearby, the bungalow deservedly earned its reputation being a delightful retreat for newly-weds. 

A veranda enclosed by wire netting, as a protection against mosquitoes and other ‘creepy crawlies’, had been thoughtfully constructed on this open side. It was quite certainly the most charming feature of the bungalow; offering a grand view of the verdant valley and the towering blue mountains of the Himalayas.

Every evening, in the hush of the descending darkness, we would see from our ‘Jaali Kamra’, the lights of the Bhogotpore Manager’s bungalow, far on the other side of the valley, being turned on to blink and glow silently from across the shadowy void. It was a sight that never failed to attract and charm us. Added to it, the sound of the distant river crashing through the boulders on its downward journey made our moments in the ‘Jaali Kamra’ an incomparable experience.     

The far distance from the estate’s main complex made it necessary to provide this bungalow its own power supply unit in the form of a diesel engine (Lister, of course), coupled to an alternator located within the premises a short distance away. While the engine needed to be manually cranked up to start, a switch inside the bungalow conveniently allowed for it to be shut-down when not required. With its ‘estate designed’ concrete mufflers, the sound of the running ‘genset’ remained an un-disturbing distant drone. Its bright AC lights and smooth-running fans created a bright and contemporary ambience unlike the groaning DC powered fans and dim lights of the main estate complex.

From the main complex, the undulating road up to this bungalow wound through several sections of tea and at one point passed by a huge smooth rock about ten feet high. We named it the ‘Panther Point’ after a planter friend sighted a handsome, glossy jet-black beast in his prime gloriously basking atop the rock’s smooth surface in the bright mid-day sun of winter. Alas, that was the one and only time this animal ever decided to make its grand appearance.

Further up and closer to the bungalow, a deep ravine with steep sides carrying volumes of storm water from the copious monsoon rains cut across the road. A narrow concrete bridge without side railings, across it, connected the bungalow to the rest of the estate. The width of this otherwise sturdy structure was just enough for the plantation lorry or a tractor with trailer to cross over with only an inch or two to spare on either side. For us with cars, this was sufficient cause for a few tense moments when rolling down the steep gravel track to approach the bridge, particularly after an action filled night at the club!

A glimpse of the Nagrakata area  - from 'India Places Map Directory' ( http://indiaplacesmap.com/West-Bengal/Places/Nagrakata-99179 )

Sequestered among such wonderous surroundings, the ‘Ghatia Upper Bungalow’ was a perfect destination for lovestruck honeymooners! And indeed, there were the lucky few couples who did have the good fortune to spend their first few blissful years here together, delighting in its privacy and gorgeous setting. I was fortunate to have lived in that sublime wilderness on two separate occasions ( albeit as a bachelor the first time ) more than fifty years ago.   

The large windows in the north and east of the master bedroom allowed the cool fresh breeze to blow through and make it pleasantly comfortable.  The sounds that drifted in after dark with startling clarity kept me awake and often guessing their origins. As one city born and bred, many of the country sights and sounds were to me still as alien and esoteric as if from another planet.  

The month of November in particular was most delightful, with its pleasant days and crisp clear nights of a million dazzling stars that filled the sky. The garden would at times be invaded by swarms of flying glow worms blinking delightfully all around in the inky darkness. But when the glorious full moon appeared and draped the countryside with her brilliance, the glittering stars would fade out and the glow worms give way to leave the Queen of the Night, resplendent in her singular radiance. It was on one such dazzling moonlit night that I was fortunate enough to witness a rare and wondrous event.

It would have been well after midnight when I was suddenly woken from deep slumber by a strange unfamiliar sound of incessant honking wafting in from miles away. Bemused by the increasingly louder noise, I decided to forsake the warm comfort of my bed and go out to investigate.  

And soon I was rewarded with an extraordinary spectacle. High up in the bright moonlit sky were hundreds of wild geese honking while flying in ‘V’ formation with one great confident goose leading the way. With the ethereal silvery light of the full moon glowing gloriously on their wings, (quite like the song from the ‘Sound of Music’) the grand formation flew on boisterously with vigour, on their way to their benign and salubrious winter home somewhere down south. Transfixed, I watched this astoundingly beautiful tableau of their annual migration, till the amazing sight and sound faded away into the distance leaving behind a quiet night and a brilliant but empty sky.  

Even after more than fifty years, how could I ever forget such an extraordinarily fascinating moment of my life? 

Editor's Note:
Sirdar/Sardaar - supervisor, one who oversees workers in the garden ( please note, 'garden' and 'estate' are interchangeable terms)
Munshi - head supervisor
Mistri - craftsman, for example, carpenter, or a general term used to cover electricians, plumbers, mechanics and so on. 
Mugh - 'Mugh' cooks were the master chefs of the British Raj and for many years after. They belonged to Chittagong ( in Bangladesh )
Mai-Baap - literally, mother and father, used to signify 'benefactor' or 'provider': the Burra Saab is always called the worker's 'Mai Baap' - especially when the worker wants something from him!
Bhagwan - God
Jaali Kamra - a verandah enclosed with wire mesh
Nadi/Nuddy - river
Mali Bari - area for growing vegetables and fruits. Every tea bungalow has one


MEET THE WRITER:

Aloke Mookerjee

Here's what Aloke has to say about himself : 'Long retired from tea, but still active in business. Even after all these years, tea remains to live strongly in my thoughts; they were the best years of my life. Other interests? Always loved Jazz music - still do and have written about this incredible genre. Love vintage airplanes (thus my love for Dakotas!) and cars, and intend to make this my next focus.' Aloke's also written The Eager Beaver , A Spiritual Encounter, Gillanders and the Greenhorn and Unto the Unknown for Indian Chai Stories. Here is the link to all posts by Aloke - https://teastorytellers.blogspot.com/search?q=aloke

Is this your first visit here? Welcome to Indian Chai Stories! 
If you've ever visited a tea garden or lived in one, or if you have a good friend who did, you would have heard some absolutely improbable stories! You will meet many storytellers here at Indian Chai Stories, and they are almost all from the world of tea gardens: planters, memsaabs, baby and baba log. Each of our contributors has a really good story to tell - don't lose any time before you start reading them! 

Do you have a chai story of your own to share? Send it to me here, please : indianchaistories@gmail.com. My name is Gowri Mohanakrishnan and I'm a tea planter's wife. I started this blog because one of the things that I wouldn't want us to lose in a fast changing world is the tea story - a story always told with great seriousness, no matter how funny - always true( always ), maybe a tall tale, long, or short, impossible, scary, funny or exciting but never dull. The blog is updated every two to three days. You will find yourself transported to another world!
Happy reading! Cheers to the spirit of Indian Tea!